Tumbler lock



Feb. 6, 1923.

1. HOGGINGER.

TUMBLEH LUCK.

FILED JULY 2i,192o.

2 SHEETS'SHEET I.

Patented Feb. 6, 1923.

UNITED STATES JOHN ROGGINGER, 0F SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA.

TUMBLER LOCK.

Application tiled July 21, 1920. Serial No. 397,849.

T0 all whom 'it may concern Be it known that I, JOHN Rocomonn, a

citizen of the United States, residing at San Diecro, `in the county ofSan Diego and State 0f .aliforniin have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Tumbler Locks, of'whieh the following is aspecification, reference'being had to the accompanying drawin s.

fgThis` invention relates to locks, and particularly to that class oflocks wherein the key is so formed that .upon the insertion of thel keyinthe lock, the tumblers in the lock willfbe forced to a predeterminedposition to permit thedoor to be unlocked upon the turning of thekey,and that when the key is withdrawn, the tumblers will be automaticallyshifted to another predetermined position, which will prevent theunlocking of the lock.

The general object of my invention is the production of a 'lock in whichthe key cannot be removed from the lock until all the tumblers have beenset to a locked position by the key, and wherein immediately upon theremoval of the key, the tumblers will shift to a locking position.

A further object of the invention is to provide a lock with a pluralityoi"- series of tumblers, each series beingr radially retracti ble andprojeftnhlo independently o any other series, and provide in connectiontherewith a key approximately crncitorin in cross section, there beingas many ns, ribs or bits on the key as there are series of tumblers,these fins, ribs or bits being adapted to engage the tnmblers andradially shift them from a locked to an unlocked position.

further object is lo provide means for positivelj.` forcing the tumblersto n locked position upon the withdrawal of the key.

Another object is to provide a lock of this character wherein it isnecessary not only that the key should be placed Within the lock butthat the key shall bc 'forced to bodily shift all ot' the series ottnmblers a certain predetermined distance until a man ter tumbler isplaced in position'where it may be turned, thus providing an additionalmeans for preventing the unauthorized nnlocking of the lock and a.further moans for preventing picking of the lock.

Other objects will appear in the course of the following description.

My invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein Figure1 is a ongitudinal'sectional view of a tumbler lock constructed inaccordance with my invention and showing the parts in their lockedposition;

Figure Qis a like view to, Figure ,1 but showing the key inserted in'the lock and the parts in their unlocked position;

Figure 3 is a section on theline 3 3 of Figure 1; ,Figure 4 is an endview ofthe "lock showingthe keyhole; Y i i'ure 5 an elevation ofone ofthe tumb ers;

Figure 6 is a'topplanview of the ylock shown in Figure 1; f l

Figure 7 is an under s'idefviewvof the lock shown in Fi re 6; 'i yFigure 8 1s a sectional view through the barrel 15; b

Figure 9 is a diagrammatic sectional View through the barrel 15 to showtwo series of tuxnblers; 1

Figure l0 is a likek view to Figure 9 but taken at a plane at rightangles thereto to show diagrammatically the other two series oftumblers;

Figure 11 is a side elevation 'of th'e key used. 'for operating thelock;

Figure 12 is an inner end view of the lock. Referring to these drawings,10 designates the cylindrical casing of the lock, which is. associatedwith a bolt 11 moving in suitable guideways and formed with a notch orrecess 12 on its under side. The casing 10 has attached to it theescutcheon plate 13 whereby, as illustrated in Figure 4, the lock isattached to the door or other structure to which it is to be applied bymeans of screws passed through the openings 14 in he escutcheon plate.The escutcheon late is shown as bein in one lpiece with t e casing ofthe loc The cylindrical lock casing l0 is formed on its interior with aslight shoulder l5 adjacent the front end of the lock casing. This lockcasing is formed with a plurality of longitudinally extending Slots 16and 16, shown as four in number, disposed equi-distantly around the lockcasing, Two of these slots, namely the slots 16, are shown as extendingto the escutcheon plate` The other two slots need not extend quite sofar. Extending laterally, that is circu.rn.ferl

entially from the two slots 16, are slots 17. Both of these slots extendfrom the corre spondlxg lqt 167111 the salme dlretlou. The slots'S'a'rd' terminate short of the' inner end of the casing 10.

Disposed within tlieeasing 1U is a barrel 18 which is rota-table Withinthe casing 1Q and fits the casing exactly. The barrel 18 at its end isformed withl a shoulder 19 which tits against the sh'ulf'lernl, theouter end of. die barrel being-flushwith the outer end of thevcasing l0as illustrated most clearlyl in 'Figure 1i 'llhis end of thebarrel issolid for a depth equal to that ofr the es utcheon platel, and this endof .the barrel is provided with a cruciform openin 20, as shown in.Figure L The opposite en of the barrel is closed byan end plate 21provided with two screw openings. Attached to this end 21 of. the barrelis adisk 22`- through which screws 23 pass into the screv7 yopenAingsgofxthe. barrel, as shown in-Figure. 7, this disk being rabbeted atits margin to fit over the adjacent extremity of the casing 1U, as shownin Figure 1, and beingformed with an arm 24 Whichvengages with the notch12 in the bolt'll (see Figure 3). l This disk 22, therefore,oscillatesjvith the barrel 18 when a key is'inserted in the barrel andthe barrel is oscillated, and this plate 22 is formed at its center with:i central recess 25 to accommodate the extremity of the key, as shownin igure 2. Un its inner face, shown in Figure 12, this plate 22 isformed with a lug 26 which engages in a notch 2T formed in the casing(see Fi ure 6) so as to limit the mov'ernent of the lisk 22 and o thebarrel 18 relative to the casing.

That portion of4 the barrel between its outer end and the end wall 21 ishollow to contain the tumblers and is provided in its walls with fourlongitudinally extending slots 28. ithin the hollow interior of thebarrel there are provided a plurality of series of tumbler-s, shown asfour series of tumblers. The positions and arrangements of thesetumblersare shown in diagrammatic ews in Figures 9 and 10. Each tumbler,as illustrated in Figure il. is formed of a centrally disposed.approxin'iately rectangular body 29 havingr oppositely projecting arm's30, these arms being of different lengths, that is one of the arms oneach tumbler being longer than the other arm. Both arms of any onetumbler, however, are constantly in engagement with the diametriY callyopposed slots 2S. Thus, in 'Figure the arms 30 extend vertically withrelation to the drawing and the upper arm is shorter than the lowerarms, but these arms are both in engagement with the correspondingdiametrically opposed Vslots 28. Each tumbler has a length from theextremity of one arm to the extremity of the other exactly equal to theexterior diameter of the barrel 15 so casing.

4As before stated, there are four sets of these tumblers, these setsbeing designated respectively in Figures 9 and 10 as @12,0 and d. Thesets a and bare disposedfin alternate relation tothe', 'sets c anddhfhetumblers c and d operating t rough` fyfplr of slots at right anglestothe slots which the arms of the tumbleffsaana'b QTA wie. n, in beunde'tddftbebehpof the tumblers hascne arm .3ll Whichlfsfrela` tivelyshort and the other arm 30 relatively long, it being the long arm v vhchis pf'ojectediutl through theappropriate slot, the short arm being engaed bysprings, asfwill be later described. l. ach Aof.tliese. tumblershas a lcentral aperture 31 so formed that a4 certain bit or linA on thekey will acttoshift that tumbler/n a certain direction.v

In addltion'to these fourseries'yofgtumblers a, b, c and di, there is amaster tumbler 32, shown in Figure 5, which is formed With twodiametrically extending lugs 33, these lugs being bored for thereception of a headed pin 344 ,.,The vsquare heads`35 of these pinsoperate within the slots 16', as shown in Figures 6 and 7. These squareheads are nicked transversely to permit a screw driver to be placed inthe heads andthe heads rotated to unscrew them. When the Whole series oftumblers and the master tumbler are shifted forward to the positionshown in Figure 2 by means of the key and the key rotated, these squareheads 35 are adaptezl to be shifted laterally into lateral orcircuinferentially extending grooves 17, and thus the lock may be.turned by the key to n position-to Aunlock the door, but in the normaland locked position, these tumbler lugs constituted'by the heads 35 Willbe in the extensions 16IIL of the slots 16, as shown in Figures 6 and 7.and will prevent any rotation of the barrel with its tumblers. All ofthe tumblers are longitudinally movable within the barrel 15 against theaction of a spring 36, shown in Figures 1 and 2, which bears against theend Wall 21 and against the end tumbler of the series of tumblers, thisend tumbler being relatively thick.

The longitudinal extension 16a of the groove 16 receives the lugs formedby the heads 35 and, as before stated, prevents any rotation of thebarrel with its tumblers until the lrey is forced inward, as shown inFigure 2. forcing the series of tumblers and thc master tumbler forwardagainst the action of the spring 36 until these heads 35 are op positiethe entrances of the slots 17, Where up'o'n the barrel and the tumblersmay be turned inl a clockwise direction in Figures 6 land 7 to throw thebolt. Thus When the key is vinserted in the lock, it acts as-will behereinafter described to cause the retraction of all the several series'of tumblers fromthe slots 16 of the-'casing 10, but even then the lockcannot be turned until the key 4Vis forced inward, as shown in Figure-2,toi-shift all of the'tumblers and the master tumbler longitudinallyagainst the action of the spring 32 and bring the locking lugs formed bythe heads 35 into ali ment with the slots 17. Then and only t en can thebarrelbe rotated to an unlocking position.

Forthepurpose of urging the several series of tumblers to their lockingposition, that is so that the long arms of the tumblers a projectin onedirection through the slot A (see Figure 9), the long arms of the tumblers b in the opposite direction through the slotfb (see Figure 9), thelong arms of the tumblers c beyond the walls of the slot C (see Figure10), and the long arms of the tumblers d beyond the Vslot `D (see Figurel0) and, therefore, project the long arms of these several `tumblersinto engagement with the Walls of the slots 16= I provide leaf springs37 which are disposed in the longitudinally extending slots 16 of thecasing, asv illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, and which. when the barrelis in its locked position, alignwith the grooves A, B, C and D of thebarrel and engage the corresponding tumblers and cause their projection.Each of these springs is formed at its extremity with a depressed andcurved portion 38 which is formed to engage the short arms of the propertumbler. Thus the spring 37 which is associated with the slot D willforce the tumblers outward` that is pro* ject the long arms of thetumblers (l. The spring 37 which is associated with the slot C willforce the tumhlers c in :i direction to project their long,r arms out ofthe corresponding-'slot 16 so that Whenever the barrel 15 is turned toits locking position and the key Withdrawn` these springs 37 will act toforce the tumblcrs radially outward into engagement with the slots 16,

The key illustrated in Figure l1 com4 prises a handle 39 and a shankwhich is cruciform in cross. section to provide the four bits or tinsi0r This shank tapers from its point of connection with the handle toits extremity and fils the r-ruciforrn opening 2O in the end of thebarrel. Each ofY these bits 40 is out to provide a series of alternatedepressed and project-ing portions on its edge, which portions mergeinto each other so as to form a relatively sinuous. cam-like edge ioreach bit which are adapte-:l to engage with the tumblers and are soformed in conjunction with the tumblers that when the key is inserted,`all of the tuin blers will he shift-ed to n. fully retracted position.against the action of the springs 37, as illustrated in Figure 2. 'Inaddition to the bits or fins 40, the key is provided inward of itshandle with the shoulders 41 which are adapted,'when the key isinserted, to engage against the master tumbler 32 or against he endtumbler of the series of tumhlers in ease the master ytumbler is not inthe position shown in Figures 1 and2 so as to cause the series-foftumbler-s to move inward a 'nst the pressure of the spring until the' ugo1' lugs formed bythe heads 35 on the master tumbler have .moved intoalignment with the circumferential slotsfll'. Then and only then-canthebarrel beturned to retract the bolt. -1

The operationof the look `is asfollows:

lVhen the key is retracted, the springs-37 act to force ,thetumblers'radially outwar'dffin four diiferent directions and through the fourslots in the casing, as illustrated "in Figure 1, thus lockingthe'rotatable barrel to |the Casin and preventing any rotation of the barreThe 'rotation of the'barrel is further prevented by the fact that the'pins or lufrs formed by the/heads 35 on themaster tumbler are disposedin the portions' 16 of the slots 16. Upon the insertion of the key, theedge contour of the fins or bit 40ci1use the tumblers to move outward orinward until the key is fully inserted,'as shown in Figure 2. when allof 'the' tumblersare retracted from the longitudinal slots V16 of thecasing, VVhilethe key'fhas fully retracted these tumblers, the lock visnotyet ready to he turned until the key is forced inirard suliicientlyuntil the shoulders 411 engage with the master tumbler so that the keyforces the barrel rearward within the casing until the lugs formed' bythe heads 35 on the master tumbler are moved into alignment with theslots 17. Then the keyT may barrel and retract the So long as the lockis turned to cause lie turned to turn the lrOll'.

a retraction of the bolt 11 the key' cannot be withdrawn. The key canonly be withdrawn when the lock is turned to its-locked iosition for thereason. of course. that when the lock is turned the several series oftumblers are all forced inward to the position shown in Figure 2 andengage with the depressions in the key and prevent any pullimvr out ofthe key. Then the barrel has been turned to a position to permit theretraction ot the kej.r and the l-e'v is retracted. then as tho key iswithdrawn. the springs 37 act :is before stated. to project the'tumblersinto the several slots in the casing.

lt will be seen that in order to open this lock` it is not onlynecessaryv to have :ill four sets et tumblers retracted. but that itrequires :r shifting of all the turnhlers forward to clear the lugs onthe master tumbler from the extensions 16 of the slots '16. ln

36 forces all the this lock there are four obstructions that would haveto be overcome before the tuniblers will move. ln other words, all foursets of tumblers would have to he set in correct position for unlockingthe lock, and still it would he impossible to turn the tumblers becausethe lug on the muster lumblers would project through the longitudinalextension 16 of the slot 16 of the casing. the key cannotV be removedfrom the lock until all the tumblers are in such position that they willengage in the slots` there is no danger ofthe tumblers binding. and assoon as the-key, is turned Vto a locking position and removed from thelock1 the spring tumblers to the front of the lock casing, causing themaster tumbler to engage the extensions 1G of the slots 16. The springs37 ere provided as :in extra precaution a ainstzpicking the lock, and toparticular y provide 1i positive means for forcing the tumblers outward.Nhere the action of the tumblers is controlled by avity, then theinstant the key is withrawn from the lock, the tumbler-s either remainstationair or drop to the bottom of their several s ots. llVith thismethod of controlling the tumblers, each series of tumblers is not onlyforced into the slot but are held there by the tension of the spring!While I have illustrated a particular enibodiment of my invention, I donot wish to be limited to the details thereof. es these' details mightbe varied in many ways and equivalent details used withont departingfrom the spirit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

I clairnz- 1. A lock comprising a casing, :in oscillatable barrel, aplurality ol serios ol' tumblers disposed Within und carried hy thebarrel and euch series oper-(rbhV` in llillorvut rudial planes, thecasingr having u. plurality ol' slots with which the rlili'errnt seriosol' tuin4 blers are engageable. and :i key havingr :i vruciform shrinkproviding :i series of bits, each bit having an edge contour adapted toshift one series of tumblers.

2. A lock comprisingr a casing, an oscillat- :i-ole barrel having radialslots` u plurality of series of tun'iblers disposed within :unl carriedby the barrel and earl series oper able in different radial plenos. theseries of tumblers being supported in :ind guided by said slots in thebarrel, the cusinghnriug u plurality of slotsI with which the lilieroutseries of tumblers uro engugrueblo` :nul u key haring a cruciforin shankproviding u serios of bits, cach bil having en edge contour adapted toshift one series of tlunblers to a fully retracted position when the keyis fully inserted and in engagement with ull the tumblers.

3i A lock comprising a casing, an oscillatable barrel, a plurality ofseries of tum- As bit having an edge contour ada blers disposed withinand carried by the barrel and each series operablel in dierent radialplanes, the barrel being formed with slots supporting and guiding theseveral tumblers, the casing having aplurality vof slots with which thedifferent series of tum blers are engageable, a key'having u cruciformshank providing a series of bits, each d-toshift ly .retracted oneseries of tuinblers to a' fu 75 position when theA key is fully insertedand 1n engagement with all the tumblers, and means for projectingeechseries of tumblers when the barrel is rotated toa position with the'tumhlers. in alignment with the slots of the casi-ng and the -lreyvis--withdrawn. i

4. A lock .comprising a cylindrical casing having ajplurality oflongitudinally extending slots, a rotatable, `hollow*iba'rrel-:dis posedwithin the-casing closed 'at -one end, the closed end having acrucgormkey openf ing and the barrel being -provided. with-a. pluralityof longitudinally :extending` slots adapted in one position of the.barrel to align with theV slots in the casing,a. plurality of series oftumblersjdis used withinthe barrel, each series of tum 1ers having twoarms movable through and guided' by;dia metrically opposite slots of thebarrel, jone of said arms being longer than the'otherarm and eachtumbler having aA keyway through its center, and a key havin n, shankeruciform in cross section to provi e a. series of bits, each bit havingan edge contour adapted to engage a certain series of tum.- blers andcause the projection or retraction of certain tumblers and thecompleteretracfion of all of the tumblers 'when the key is fullyinserted to thereby permit the barrel to he rotated by the key, andineens causing he projection of the several series' of tumlilers intothe slots in the casing when the key is retracted. A 1

5. A lock comprising a casing having a 110 series of longitudinallyextendin slots, a barrel mounted for oscillation in t ecasing and havingmeans whereby it may be connected to a holt, the barrel being hollow andrlosed at its opposite ends` the endsypf the 116 barrel being providedwith cruciforn'x apertures and the periphery of the barrel beingprovided with a plurality of longitudinally extending slots. a pluralityof series of radi :illy projerttuble tumblers mounied Within 120 thebarrel and having arms extending in alignment with seid slots, thetumhlcrs heing provided with central key apertures, all of seid seriesofitumbleis being longitudinally shiftable in the barrel, a spring hold-125 ing said tumblers against longitudinal shifting movement and towardthe key end of the casing, a master tumbler having a centrai apertureand formed with a lug. the barrel being slotted for the passage of thelug 130 and the casing being formed with a circumferential slotintorwhich said lug engages, and a key cruciform in cross section toproivide a plurality of bits, the edge face Vof e the key is fullyinserted, the

each bit bein adapted to engage the corresponding tum 1ers to projectand retract the tumblers'as the key is inserted and -to cause thecomplete retraction of the tumblers when key 4at one point beingprovided -with `shoulders adapted to force all ,vof the tumblers4longitudinally within the/barrel to thereby carry the tooth on themaster tumbler-out 'of the longitudinally extending-groovein the casingand permit the rotation of the barrel as 'a1 Whole.

65A -look'eoiprisingta casing having a plurality of longitudinallyextendin slots, a barrel oscillatably mounted within the casing andadapted to be connected to a locking bolt, the barrel being closed atits outer end and said cl'osed end having a key aperture, said barrelhaving a plurality of slots equal in number to the number of slots inthe casing, a series of Hat radially proj ectable tumblers mountedWithin the barrel and disposed in contact with each other and eachhaving a pair of arms extending in opposite directions and projectingthrough and guided by the diametrically opposite slots in the barrel andadapted to project into diametrically opposite slots in the casing, eachtumbler having a central key pacsage, springs urging said tumblers intoa projected position, and a key insertible through the aperture in theend of the barrel and engageable through the apertures in the severaltumblers to cause the complete retraction of said tumblers when the keyis fully inserted.

7. In a lock, a casing formed with diametrically opposite,longitudinally extending slots, a barrel formed with diametricallyopposite, longitudinally extending slots and oscillatable Within thecasing, one end of the barrel having a key aperture, a series oftumblers mounted Within the barrel, each tumbler having a relativelylong arm projectable through one of said slots and a relatively shortarm engaging in the opposite slot, longitudinally extending springsengageable with the outer end faces of the short arms of the tumblers tourge the tumblers in position t0 project the long arms through the slotsof the barrel into the slots of the easing,and a key having a bitadapted to engage and retract said tuinblers 'from their engagement withthe slots in the casing when the key is fully inserted.

8. In a lock, a casing `formed with diametrically opposite,longitudinally extend ing slots, a barrel formed with diametricallyopposite, longitudinalljv extendingr slots and oscillatable within thecasing, one end of the barrel having a key aperture`r a series oftumblers mounted within the barrel, each tumbler having -a relativelylon arm projectable through one of said slots. an

a relatively short arm engaging in the opposite slot, longitudinally'ext-ending springs engageable with the short arms' of the tumblers tourge the tumblers in position to project the long arms through the slotsof the barrel .into .the slots of the casing, a key having a bit adaptedto engage and retract said tumblers from theirengagement with the-slotsin the casinvwhen the key is fully inserted, the series o? tumblersbeing longitudinally movable VWithin the barrel, a spring urgin 'saidtumblers inwawdirectiontoward the ey end-of the barrelyandaa master,tumblerdisposed lwithin 'i the barrel and having a lug projectingbeyond the barrel, the casing having an angular slot with which said lugengages, one portion of the lug extending longitudinally of the casingand the inner portion extending circumferentially of the casing whereby,when the key is inserted, the tumblers may be shifted longitudinally tocarry the lug on the master tumbler out of the longitudinal slot andinto the circumferential portion of the Slot to thereby permit therotation of the barrel.

9. A lock having a casing and a barrel rotatable within the casintumblers carried by the barrel and radial y projectable into engagementwith the casin a key which, when inserted, retracts sait? tumblers fromengagement with the casing and permits the rotation of the barrel, andmeans locking the barrel to the casing from rotative movement until thetumblers have been forced longitudinally a predetermined distance towardthe rear end of the barrel.

10. A lock having a casing and a barrel rotatable within the casing,tumblers carried by the barrel and radially projectable into engagementwith the casing, a key which, when inserted, retracts said tumblers fromengagement with the casing and permits the rotation of the barrel, meanslocking the barrel to the casing from rotative movement until thetumblers have been forced longitudinally a predetermined distance towardthe rear end of the barrel and including a master tumbler having a lug,the casing being formed with a longitudinally extending slot and acircumferentially extending slot rearward of the longitudinallyextending portion of the slots in which said lug is adapted to travel,and a spring urging the tumblers toward the forward end of the barreland the master tumbler out of alignment with the circumferentiallyextending slot.

1l. A lock having a casing member and a barrel member rotatable withinthe casing member. tumblers carried by one of said members and radiallyprojectable into engagement with the other member, a key which wheninserted, retracts said tumblers out of operative locking position andpermits the rotation of the barrel, and means locking the barrel memberto the casing member from rotative movement until the tumblers have beenforced longitudinally a predetermined distance toward the rear ends ofthe casing and barrel.

12. A lock having a easing and a barrel rotatable within the casing,means locking the barrel to the casing from rotative movement includinga tumbler having a radially projectable lug, the casing being formedwith a longitudinally extending slot and a eircumferentially extendingslot intersecting the longitudinally extending slot inward of its outerend, said lug being adapted to travel in said slots, a spring urging themaster tumbler toward the forward end of the barrel with its lu out ofalignment with the cireumferentially extending slot whereby to requirethat the master tumbler shall be forced rearward to bring its lug intoalignment with the circumferential slot before the barrel can be turned,and a key illsertible into the barrel and having a part thereon adaptedto engage said master tumbler to thereby shift it longitudinally and apart thereon adapted to engage the master tumbler to rotate it with thebarrel.

In testimony Whereot I hereunto ilx my signature.

JOHN ROGGINGER.

